By Ir. Ts. Prof. Dr. Chee-Fai Tan Vice President (Technology), Malaysia Association for Sustainable Supply Chain & Innovation (MASSCI) Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Kuala Lumpur University of Science & Technology (KLUST) Artificial Intelligence has transformed how supply chains interpret data. Demand forecasting, inventory optimisation, route planning, and predictive maintenance now rely on increasingly sophisticated analytics. Yet improved visibility does not automatically transla